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Click here to read more articles from Mr. Jayadevappa Jainakeri.Part 1 | Part 2 N®w¯ÁhN® §°S®0u®u® w¯l®±, Šµ°Çµâ‡®± †°l®± H0… O°rÁSµ y¯q®äî¯Tuµ. Šµ°Çµâ „µ¡µSµ „µ°N¯u® y®©î®q¯Ùu® „®²ï±, œ®î¯î®¾¯w® N®w¯ÁhN®u®ªåuµ. Š¯Ç®óu® Šµ°Çµâ Eq¯Þu®wµ‡®±ªå N®w¯ÁhN®u®±Û ›0œ®y¯©±. ýµ°Ql¯ 60 N®²Ê AvÃN® y®ä¯ou® Šµ°Çµâ w®î®±â Š¯cãu®ªå Eq¯Þu®wµ‡®¾¯S®±rÙuµ. Cu®NµÊ Š¯cã š®N¯ÁŠ®î®¼ Šµ°Çµâ A†ÃvÜS¯T y®½Š®N® ‡µ²°cwµS®¡®w®±Ý Nµ¶Sµ²0mŠ®±î®¼u®± K0u®± y®äî®±±Q N¯Š®o. Eq®Ùî®± S®±oî®±hÔu® Šµ°Çµâ Eq¯Þvš®±î®¼u®Š®ªå w®î®±â N®³™N®Š® y¯q®ä î®±œ®q®æu¯ÛTuµ. A0q®Š®Š¯™ó°‡®± S®±oî®±hÔu® Šµ°ÇµâSµ Eq®Ùî®± „µ°mNµ‡®±² Ay¯Š®î¯Tuµ. N®w¯ÁhN® Š¯cã §°S®0u® î®±q®±Ù S®0u®uµnµØS®¢Sµ y®ä›u®Üî¯TŠ®±î®ºqµ ýµä°Ç®Õ Šµ°Çµâ „µ¡µSµ w®±o±y¯u® œµ²¡®zw® î®±wµ²°œ®Š®î¯u® Šµ°Çµâ ®ô, ›°ŠµS®¡®² y®ä›u®Üî¯Tîµ. w®î®±â y¯äY°w® Š¯c î®±œ¯Š¯cŠ®± Šµ°Çµâ …¡®š®±rÙu®Û EŒµå°QS®¡®± N®0l®± …0u®Š®² AvÃN®³q®î¯T N®w¯ÁhN®u®ªå Šµ°Çµâ „µ¡µ‡®±±î® u¯QŒµ Oä. ý®. 1750 ‹0u® DXµSµ ¯q®ä N®0l®± …Š®±q®Ùuµ. u®¤o N®w®Ýl®, S®±©àS¯ÁS®¡®ªå‡®±² Eq®Ùî®± u®bµÁ‡®± Šµ°Çµâ …gµÔS®¡®± AS®Ì „µŒµSµ ¯Š¯hî¯S®±rÙu®Û H0… EŒµå°Qïuµ. Šµ°Çµâ Nµ¶S¯‹Nµ‡®±w®±Ý N®äî®±…u®Üî¯T y¯äŠ®0†Ã›u®î®Š®± îµ±¶š®²Š®w®±Ý Nµ©î®¼ N¯© B¢u® iy®¼ÈÞ š®±Œ¯Ùw¬. C® N¯Œ¯w®0q®Š® Šµ°Çµâ Eq¯Þu®wµ š®æ©Þ N¯© Ÿw®Ýlµ Aw®±„®ï›q®±. 20 wµ° ý®q®î®¾¯w®u® Bv „¯S®u®ªå îµ±¶š®²‹w® vî¯w®Š¯Tu®Û š®Š¬. H0. ïýµ°ý®æŠ®‡®±ãw®î®Š® Bš®OÙ‡®± y®©î¯T Šµ°Çµâ N®³™ CŒ¯Pµ y¯äŠ®0„®±q®±. N®³™ y®äu¯w®î¯u® Šµ°Çµâ Eu®ãî®± Awµ°N®‹Sµ Euµ²ã°S® uµ²Š®O›q®±. S¯ä¯0q®Š® cw®Š® BtÁN® ›Úr‡®±w®±Ý š®±u¯‹š®±î®¼u®Šµ²0vSµ uµ°ý®NµÊ ïuµ°þ ïxî®±‡®±î®w®±Ý S®¢›Nµ²l®±rÙuµ. Šµ°Çµâ q®¢S®¡® A†ÃvÜ, š®0ýµ²°u®wµS®¢0u® Eq®Ùî®± u®bµÁ‡®± Šµ°Çµâ „µ¡µ‡®±Œ¯S®±rÙuµ. ïþÇ®Ô S®±oS®¡® Avær°‡®± œµ²¡®zw® w®‡®± w¯c²Ow® Šµ²°S® xŠµ²°u®N® Šµ°Çµâ q®¢S®¢0u® Eq®Ùî®± C¡®±î®‹ y®lµ‡®±Œ¯S®±rÙuµ. cy¯w¬, Chª, Y°w¯S®¢0u® Eq®öÇ®Ôî¯u® q®¢S®¡®w®±Ý Bî®±u®± ¯mNµ²0l®± š®Ú¢°‡®± q®¢S®¡µ²0vSµ ï±ý®ä q®¢S®¡®w®±Ý ïïu® …oØS®¢Sµ œµ²0vNµ‡®¾¯S®±î® Šµ°Çµâ q®¢S®¡®w®±Ý, Šµ°Çµâ N®³™ y®‹oq®Š®± A†ÃvÜy®mš®±rÙu¯ÛŠµ. „µ0S®¡®²Š®± dŒµå‡®± ¯S®m, †l®v, uµ²l®Ö…¡¯ëy®¼Š®S®¡®ªå î®±q®±Ù q®±î®±N®²Š®± dŒµå‡®± N®±pS®Œ¬, N®±ªÕ‡®¾¯Š®, u®±S®ÁNµ0y®œ®¢ë î®±±0q¯u® N®lµ Šµ°Çµâ œ®±¡®±S®¡®w®±Ý š¯N®Œ¯S®±rÙuµ. š®N¯Á‹ š¯æî®±ãu® Šµ°Çµâ N®³™ £µ°q®äS®¡®ªå q®‡®¾¯Š¯u® îµ²gµÔS®¡®w®±Ý ¯q®ä Šµ¶q®‹Sµ Ku®Tš®Œ¯S®±rÙuµ. N®w¯ÁhN®u® œ®î¯î®¾¯w®î®¼ Ÿy®Þwµ°Š®¡µ „µ°š¯‡®±NµÊ ‡µ²°S®ãî¯Tuµ. Cu®NµÊ „µ°N¯u® Eq®Ùî®± u®bµÁ N®mÖS®¡®w®±Ý Nµ²¡µëS¯© î®±q®±Ù X®w®Ýy®hÔoS®¡®ªå Eq¯Þvš®Œ¯S®±rÙuµ. Šµ°Çµâ N®³™‡®±± 18 wµ° ý®q®î®¾¯w®u® Eq®ÙŠ¯u®Áu®ªå A0vw® îµ±¶š®²Š®± Š¯cãu® Bl®¢q®S¯Š®w¯Tu®Û iy®¼ÈÞ š®±Œ¯Ùw®w®± Šµ°Çµâ œ®±¡®± š¯N¯pNµSµ yµ½ä°q¯éœ® x°mu®w®±. Šµ°Çµâ y®‹pq®Š®w®±Ý …0S¯¡®v0u® N®Šµ›u®w®±. Š¯cãu® œ®î¯î®¾¯w®NµÊ š®²N®Ùî¯u® q®¢S®¡®w®±Ý uµ°ý® ïuµ°ý®S®¢0u® q®‹›u®w®±. œ®¡®v Šµ°Çµâ q®¢‡®±w®±Ý Y°w¯v0u® q®‹›u®wµ0u®± r¢u®± …Š®±q®Ùuµ. Šµ°Çµâ Nµ¶S¯‹Nµ‡®¾¯T 1866 Š®ªå „µ0S®¡®²Š®± š®ï±°y®u® Nµ0Sµ°‹‡®±ªå ›Œ¬Ê zÃŒµ°X®Š¬ N®0y®x‡®± y¯äŠ®0„®±q®±. Ÿy®Þwµ°Š®¡µ „µ¡µ‡®±©± Šµ¶q®Š®± BŠ®0†Ã›u®Š®±. Cªå cy¯xx0u® q®‹›u® Šµ°Çµâ îµ²gµÔS®¡®w®±Ý y®©y®äu®î¯T š¯N®Œ¯S®±rÙq®±Ù. 1866 - 1875 Š® Aî®vÇ®±ªå ïý®æ ¯Š®±N®gµÔ‡®±ªå îµ±¶š®²Š®± Šµ°ÇµâSµ œµYÏw® „µ°mNµ‰±0u® K¡µë‡®± „µŒµ ›S®±rÙq®±Ù. 19 wµ° ý®q®î®¾¯w®u® Nµ²wµ‡®±ªå îµ±¶š®²Š®±, …0S¯¡®, N¯þâ°Š®S®¡®ªå Šµ²°S®u® œ¯î®¢‰±0u® Šµ°Çµâ Nµ¶S¯‹Nµ …œ®±î®±iÔSµ w¯ý®î¯‰±q®±. 1896 Š®ªå g¯g¯u®î®Š®± Šµ°Çµâ £µ°q®äî®w®±Ý „µ0S®¡®²‹w®ªå š¯Úz›u®Š®±. Cªå Ÿy®Þwµ°Š®¡µ N®³™, œ®±¡®± š¯N®nµ, w®²©± †X®±Ïî® y®hN®S®¢u®Û. Šµ¶q®‹Sµ q®Š®„µ°r š®œ® x°l®Œ¯S®±rÙq®±Ù. 20 wµ° ý®q®î®¾¯w®u® BŠ®º„®u®ªå Šµ°Çµâ N®³™Sµ y¯äu¯w®ãqµ uµ²Š®Oq®±. 1930 Š®ªå …0S¯¡® Šµ°Çµâ Eq¯Þu®wµ‡®±ªå y®äs®î®± š¯Úw®u®ªåq®±Ù. D Aî®vÇ®±ªå cy¯w¬ Y°w¯S®¢0u® œµYÏw® y®ä¯ou®ªå AS®Ìu® „µŒµ‡®±ªå y®½Šµ¶Nµ‡®¾¯‰±q®±. 1944 - 45 Š®ªå †¢T‹Š®0S®w® „µhÔ î®±q®±Ù Nµî®±âo±ØS®±0m T‹S®¡®ªå T‹ Nµ°0u®äS®¡®w®±Ý y¯äŠ®0†Ãš®Œ¯‰±q®±. „¯Š®q®u®ªå‡µ±° y®äs®î®±î¯T N®w¯ÁhN® Š¯cãu® X®w®Ýy®hÔou®ªå 1936 Š®ªå š®Þw¬ ›Œ¬Ê N¯P¯Áwµ š¯Úzš®Œ¯‰±q®±. Cªå Eq®Þw®Ýî¯S®±î® ®ôS®¡®± cw®z䇮±î¯T ïuµ°þ ïxî®±‡®±S®¢š®±rÙîµ. Ey® Eq®Þw®ÝS®¡¯u® HnµØ‡®±w®±Ý šµ²°y®¼ q®‡®¾¯‹Nµ‡®±ªå …¡®š®Œ¯S®±rÙuµ. u¯Š®î¯l® dŒµå‡®± ©£µÈâ°ý®æŠ® î®±q®±Ù ®T‹S®¡®ªå y®gµÔS¯Š®Š®± As®î¯ Šµ°Çµâ wµ°‡µ±Ì‡®±î®Š®± Cu®Û EŒµå°Q ý¯š®w®S®¡®ªåuµ. y¯äY°w® N¯©u®ªå N®X¯Ð Šµ°Çµâ‡®±± Bî®±u¯S®±rÙq®±Ù. îµ±¶š®²Š®± î®±q®±Ù „µ0S®¡®²Š®±S®¡®ªå Qrä H0… cw¯0S®u®î®Š®± Šµ°ÇµâSµ …oØ œ¯N®±rÙu®ÛŠµ0u®², D cw®Š®± œ®±…à¢ë‡®±ªå wµŒµ›, cŠ®q¯‹ Nµ©š®u®ªå y®‹pq®Š¯Tu®ÛŠ®±. Part 1 | Part 2
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