y®äýµÝ:
4. r⊮š®w® y¯©±-y®ºX¯‰±r:
r⊮š® ïc‡®±w®S®Š®u® §°N®³Ç®Øuµ°î®Š¯‡®±w® î®±ºrä. qµw¯ª Š¯î®± œ¯š®ãu®ªå y®äP¯ãr œµ²ºvu®ºqµ, r⊮š® b¯oq®w®u®ªå y®äP¯ãq®. r⊮š®w® N¯©u® y®äýµÝ Cu®±.
§°N®³Ç®Øuµ°î®Š¯‡®±w® Bš¯Úw® ¯î®¼q® xrÙ‡®¾¯u¯S® Aî®w®ªå 17 BwµS®¡®± Cu®Û. Aî®xSµ î®±²î®Š®± î®±N®Ê¢u®ÛŠ®±. Aî®w®± q®w®Ý E‰±ªw®ªå îµ²u®©wµ î®±S®xSµ 1/2 „¯S®, HŠ®l®wµ î®±S®xSµ 1/3 „¯S® œ¯S®² î®±²Š®wµ î®±S®xSµ 1/9 „¯S® Nµ²l®„µ°N®± Aºq® …Šµvh±Ô r°‹Nµ²ºl®.
Ay®Þ œµ°¢u® ‹°r y¯©± ¯mNµ²¡®ë„µ°N¯u®Šµ BwµS®¡®w®±Ý Nµ²©å„µ°N¯S®±q®Ùuµ, Hºu®± q®ŒµNµm›Nµ²ºl® ¯î®¼q®w® î®±N®Ê¡®±, r⊮š®w® …¢ …ºu®Š®±.
r⊮š® E‰±ªw® y®äN¯Š®îµ° BwµS®¡®w®±Ý (Nµ²©åuµ‡µ±!) œ®ºYu®.
r⊮š®w® b¯S®u®ªå x°ïu®ÛŠµ œµ°Sµ œ®ºX®±rÙvÖ‹?
œ®¡µ y®äýµÝ „µ°Nµ ? |
q®Œµœ®Š®gµ:
4. î®±±hÔu®‡µ± î®±±x
Cu®² r⊮š®w®uµ y®äýµÝ. r⊮š® î®±ºrä Nµ©š®NµÊ CºhŠ¬î®½ãSµ œµ²°u¯S® Nµ°¢u® y®äýµÝ:
Kºu®± N®‹œ®©Sµ‡®± îµ±°Œµ …ŠµvŠ®±î® Kºu®± ï±°hŠ¬ Eu®Ûu® SµŠµ‡®±w®±Ý î®±±hÔuµ‡µ±, š®oØu¯Tš®±î®¼u®± œµ°Sµ ?
r⊮š® œµ°¢u®: Au®Oʺq® Eu®Ûu® Cwµ²Ýºu®± SµŠµ H¡µ‰±‹.
xî®±Tu®± Sµ²qµÙ?
œ®¡µ q®Œµœ®Š®gµS®¡®w®±Ý Lu®„µ°Nµ? | xî®±Tu®± Sµ²qµÙ ?
4. S®pq®u®ªå wµ²„µŒ¬?
S®pq®u®ªå wµ²„µŒ¬ …œ®±î®¾¯w®ï©å. S®pq®cÓŠ®± „µ°Šµ S®u®ªå wµ²„µŒ¬ y®lµvŠ®…œ®±u®±. Bu®Šµ, S®pq®u®ªå A©å.
wµ²„µŒ¬, S®pq®u®ªå INµ …œ®±î®¾¯w® xS®vy®mš®ª©å Aw®±Ýu®NµÊ q®î®¾¯Çµ‡®¾¯T, cw® œµ°¡®±î®¼u®±ºh±, Aî®w® œµºl®r B N¯©u® y®ä›u®Û ›æ°mǬ S®pq®cÓw® bµ²qµ y®Š¯‹‡®¾¯u®¡µºu®±. Bu®Šµ wµ²„µŒ¬Sµ î®±u®±îµ‡µ±° BTŠ®ª©å. Cw®²Ý Nµ©î®Š® y®äN¯Š®, wµ²„µŒ¬Sµ B S®pq®cÓw® bµ²qµ î®±w®š¯Ùy®ïq®±Ù. S®pq®u®ªå …œ®±î®¾¯w®ïhÔŠµ, Aî®xSµ° Nµ²l®„µ°N¯S®±î®¼uµºu®± S®pq®NµÊ Nµ²l®ª©å!
š®q®ãš®ºS®r Iwµºu®Šµ, 1865Š®ªå wµ²„µŒ¬, ›æ°l®w¬ uµ°ý®vºu® šµ œµ²°u¯S®, B ›æ°mǬ S®pq®cÓ …Šµ° ïu¯ãtÁ. B w®ºq®Š® wµ²„µŒ¬Sµ, ›æ°l®w¬w® Kl®w¯h œµXµÏ°w®² CŠ®ª©å. wµ²„µŒ¬Sµ S®pq®N®²Ê …œ®±î®¾¯w® Nµ²l®±î® ïX¯Š®îµ° œµ²¡µ‡®±vŠ®±î®¼uµ° Aî®w®± S®pq®î®w®±Ý y®‹S®pš®uµ CŠ®©± N¯Š®oî¯TŠ®…œ®±u®±.
1895Š®ªå wµ²„µŒ¬ q®w®Ý 9 ﱪ‡®± l¯©Š¬ E‰±ªw®ªå œµš®‹›u®±Û „¹q®ý¯š®ô, Š®š¯‡®±w® ý¯š®ô, u®ãO°‡®± ý¯š®ô, š¯Ÿq®ã œ¯S®² ý¯ºr ¯q®ä. 1969Š®ªå "As®Á ïb¯Ów®" î®w®±Ý šµ°‹š®Œ¯‰±q®±. w®î®±â Aî®±q®ãÁ šµ°w¬Sµ ›OÊu®±Û Auµ°.
‡®¾¯‹Sµ Sµ²q®±Ù, î®±±ºuµ²ºu®± vw® S®pq®î®½ D š¯ªSµ šµ°‹Nµ²¡®ë…œ®±u®±.. œµ²°S®ª †m, C Sµ²qµÙ? |
| Ÿ0vw® ®u® y®äýµÝSµ Eq®ÙŠ® 3. yµä°î®± î®±q®±Ù î®ã¯Š®:
rï±â œµ°¢u®±Û š®q®ã, 10 Š®². 3Š®ºqµ, 30 œ®o±ØS®¡®w®±Ý ¯‹u¯S®, BNµSµ 100 Š®². ›S®±rÙq®±Ù.
r⠜µ°¢u®±Û N®²l® š®q®ã, 10 Š®². 2Š®ºqµ, 30 œ®o±ØS®¡®w®±Ý ¯‹u¯S®, Bq®xSµ 150 Š®². ›S®±rÙq®±Ù.
N®²l®± î®ã¯Š®î®½ y¯ä¯pN®î¯T‡µ±° Cuµ. 20 Š®². 5Š®ºqµ, 60 œ®o±ØS®¡®w®±Ý ¯‹u¯S®, 240 Š®². ¯q®ä ›S®±q®Ùuµ.
rï±â‡®± q®Œ¯ œ®pØw® „µŒµ : 10/3 Š®². ( 3.333 Š®²)
rî®±âw® q®Œ¯ œ®pØw® „µŒµ : 10/2 Š®². ( 5 Š®²)
N®²l®± î®ã¯Š® ¯mu¯S® Ey®‡µ²°Tš®„µ°N¯u® q®Œ¯ œ®pØw® „µŒµ : (10/3 + 10/2)/2
= (10/2) * (1/3 + 1/2)
= (10/2) * (5/6)
= (50/12)
= (25/6)
= 4.166 Š®².
[ u®ý®î®¾¯ºý® y®u®Ûr => (3.333 + 5 )/ 2 = 4.166 Š®². ]
Aºu®Šµ N®²l®± î®ã¯Š®u®ªå q®Œ¯ œ®pØw® „µŒµ, 4.16 Š®², Aºu®Šµ 25 Š®². Sµ 6 CŠ®„µ°N¯Tq®±Ù. Bu®Šµ rï±â rî®±â ¯‹u® „µŒµ = 20/5 = 4 Š®².
Aºu®Šµ y®är‡µ²ºu®± œ®pØw®ªå A®± (25/6 - 20/5) Š®². N®¡µu®±Nµ²ºl®Š®±.
60 œ®pØw®ªå N®¡µu®±Nµ²ºl® œ®o:
= 60 * (25/6 - 4) = 60 * (25 - 24)/6 = 10 Š®².
[ u®ý®î®¾¯ºý® y®u®Ûr => (4.166 - 4 ) * 60 = .1666 * 60 = 10 Š®².]
3. yµä°î®± î®±q®±Ù î®ã¯Š®:
rï±â œµ°¢u®±Û š®q®ã, 10 Š®². 3Š®ºqµ, 30 œ®o±ØS®¡®w®±Ý ¯‹u¯S®, BNµSµ 100 Š®². ›S®±rÙq®±Ù.
r⠜µ°¢u®±Û N®²l® š®q®ã, 10 Š®². 2Š®ºqµ, 30 œ®o±ØS®¡®w®±Ý ¯‹u¯S®, Bq®xSµ 150 Š®². ›S®±rÙq®±Ù.
N®²l®± î®ã¯Š®î®½ y¯ä¯pN®î¯T‡µ±° Cuµ. 20 Š®². 5Š®ºqµ, 60 œ®o±ØS®¡®w®±Ý ¯‹u¯S®, 240 Š®². ¯q®ä ›S®±q®Ùuµ.
rï±â‡®± q®Œ¯ œ®pØw® „µŒµ : 10/3 Š®². ( 3.333 Š®²)
rî®±âw® q®Œ¯ œ®pØw® „µŒµ : 10/2 Š®². ( 5 Š®²)
N®²l®± î®ã¯Š® ¯mu¯S® Ey®‡µ²°Tš®„µ°N¯u® q®Œ¯ œ®pØw® „µŒµ : (10/3 + 10/2)/2
= (10/2) * (1/3 + 1/2)
= (10/2) * (5/6)
= (50/12)
= (25/6)
= 4.166 Š®².
[ u®ý®î®¾¯ºý® y®u®Ûr => (3.333 + 5 )/ 2 = 4.166 Š®². ]
Aºu®Šµ N®²l®± î®ã¯Š®u®ªå q®Œ¯ œ®pØw® „µŒµ, 4.16 Š®², Aºu®Šµ 25 Š®². Sµ 6 CŠ®„µ°N¯Tq®±Ù.
Bu®Šµ rï±â rî®±â ¯‹u® „µŒµ = 20/5 = 4 Š®².
Aºu®Šµ y®är‡µ²ºu®± œ®pØw®ªå A®± (25/6 - 20/5) Š®². N®¡µu®±Nµ²ºl®Š®±.
60 œ®pØw®ªå N®¡µu®±Nµ²ºl® œ®o:
= 60 * (25/6 - 4) = 60 * (25 - 24)/6 = 10 Š®².
[ u®ý®î®¾¯ºý® y®u®Ûr => (4.166 - 4 ) * 60 = .1666 * 60 = 10 Š®².] |
